There are
three ways to have a correct stop:
Its
definition and rules:
It is to
produce a whispering sound, equal to one third of the existed vowel. ROM does
not happen except for vowels /e/ "Kasrah" or /ↄ:/
"Dhammah", no matter it is accentual (moshadad), attenuating
(mukhaffaf), nunnated (munawan) or not. It just never occurs in a letter with
/æ/ "Fat-hah" vowel. Like in: ﴿أَهَكَذَا عَرْشُكِ﴾ (Al-Naml:42) (example 1)
It is inevitable to omit the nunnation from the nunnated word. Like this
verse: ﴿لَفِي خُسْرٍ﴾ (Al-Asr:2) (example 2)
The
Rules for Rom Prolongation:
The
prolongation rule with Rom is as its status with connection and its duration is
equal to its duration in connecting cases.
-
When the point of stop is a letter
other than "Hamzah" (ء) and the previous letter is
prolonged, the prolongation will take two counts (normal stretch), like:
§ ﴿الرَّحْمـنِ الرَّحِيمِ﴾ (Al-Fatihah:3)
(example 3)
§
﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ﴾ (Al-Fatihah:5)
(example 4)
- But if the stopping letter is
"Hamzah" (ء) and there is a prolongation before it, the prolongation will
take four or five counts, as in the required connected prolong, but it won't
take six counts anyway. For example:
§
﴿مِّنَ السَّمَاءِ﴾ (Al-Nisaa:153)
(example 5).
Definition
and the rules:
It is to purse
lips in a voiceless manner after stopping on the last letter of the word with
an /ↄ/
(Dhammah)-like non-voweled, which is recognizable only by a seeing person (is
not heard).
Ishmam can not
happen on a letter with a "Raf'a" (/æ/) or "Dhammah"
(/ↄ/), or "Kasrah"
(/e/) vowel.
Rules
of prolongation while Ishmaam stopping:
The rule of Ishmaam
prolongation is the same of the stop with an absolute non-vowelness "Saaken".
In fact the prolong will be as long as it is in stopping
on a non-vowel letter.
-
Whenever the stopping letter with
Ishmaam is something other than "Hamzah" (ء) and there is
a prolongation before it, then it will be as a phenomenal prolong of a non-voweled
letter that its origin is a normal prolong, a remiss or a substitute one, so it
will be two, four or six counts (2-4-6)
like this verse:
﴿إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وإِيَّاكَ
نَسْتَعِينُ﴾
(Al-Fatihah:5)
-
When the stopping letter is
"Hamzah" (ء) and there is a prolongation before it then it will become as
the connected phenomenal non-voweled letter and take four, five or six counts (4-5-6). Like stopping on the letter (ء) in the
verse: ﴿كَذَلِكِ اللّهُ يَخْلُقُ مَا يَشَاءُ﴾ (Al-e-Emran: 47).
Ishmaam is seen
not heard!
Ishmaam
in the word
(تأمنا) :
The origin of
the word (تَأْمَنَّا) in the verse:
﴿قَالُواْ يَا أَبَانَا مَا
لَكَ لاَ تَأْمَنَّا عَلَى يُوسُفَ وَإِنَّا لَهُ لَنَاصِحُونَ﴾ (Yusuf:11) (example 6) is (تـأمـنُـنَـا) that the first /n/ "Noon" has got non-voweled
because of the merging of those two "noon"s /n/.
In pronouncing
this word (تَأْمَنَّا) with Ishmaam, two lips come together after non-vowelling the
first /n/ "Noon", like one who wants to pronounce the /ↄ/
"Dhammah" vowel inconspicuously just to remind there is an omitted
"Dhammah" /ↄ/. Then the this Ishmaam is as the Ishmaam on a "Marfoo'"
letter.
Definition
and Rules:
It is an
absolute non-vowelness that remains no vowels on the letter at all.
"Sokoon"
or Non-vowelling may occur on letters with vowels like:
/æ/"Fathah", /ↄ/"Dhammah" or
/e/"Kasrah".
Prolongation
Rules when there is a stop with Absolute Non-Vowelness:
The rules of
stops with an absolute non-vowelness have been mentioned in the chapter of phenomenal
non-vowelness.
Therefore, if
the stopping letter is other than "Hamzah" (ء) and there is a prolongation before
it, the prolongation stretches two, four or six counts.
However, when
the letter of stopping point is "Hamzah" (ء) and there is a prolongation before
it, the prolongation stretches four, five or six counts.
